What is hypothyroidism

Acute intestinal infections belong to the group of infectious diseases that are caused mainly by the penetration of viruses or bacteria. Their most common clinical sign is diarrhea or diarrhea. Infections of bacterial origin, especially in the summer months, are recorded much more often. Acute intestinal infections are most dangerous for young children, as well as the elderly, due to their vulnerable immune system. Diarrhea is one of the main causes of morbidity, mortality and malnutrition in children. According to statistics, more than 11 million intestinal infections are recorded every day in the world, as a result of which about 1.5 million children die annually. Acute diarrhea is characterized by at least three or more watery stools per day, and its duration does not exceed 14 days. It is noteworthy that the younger the child, the more complex and dangerous the course of the disease can be. How is the infection spread? There are several ways in which the infection can spread: •eating poor-quality food, especially raw or contaminated foods, •consuming contaminated water or food while traveling, •direct contact with animals, •using swimming pools, •swimming in the sea without proper hygiene, •using highly polluted water or lack of clean drinking water. All of these factors contribute to the rapid spread of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The main symptoms of diarrhea are: •frequent and watery stools, •vomiting or nausea, •cramping or sharp pains in the abdomen, •high fever, •headache or dizziness. Parents should also carefully monitor the appearance of the stool: color, consistency, frequency, and the presence of blood or mucus. In young children, diarrhea can lead to serious complications, primarily dehydration. Why is dehydration dangerous? Dehydration is a condition in which the body loses more fluid than it can replace. Children, especially those under 5 years old, become dehydrated much faster than adults. This is because the water content in a child’s body is very high, about 75–80%, and children are often unable to express their thirst. Signs of dehydration include: •frequent diarrhea, •repeated vomiting, •constant thirst, •dry skin, •rapid breathing or panting, •decreased urine output or dry diapers, •general lethargy or behavioral changes in the child. Dehydration can be classified into mild, moderate, and severe. If not treated in time, it can lead to shock, organ failure, and even death. How to protect your child? The best way to prevent dehydration is to drink fluids in a timely manner. First of all, it is important to continue breastfeeding, and for older children, not to stop feeding. It is necessary to use oral rehydration solutions with a combination of water, salts and glucose. In addition, it is important to follow strict hygiene rules: wash your hands before preparing food and after using the toilet, as well as use only safe water. To prevent diarrhea caused by rotavirus, a state immunization program is in place in a number of countries. Vaccinations significantly reduce the number of severe cases, and it is advisable for parents not to avoid rotavirus vaccination. If you notice signs of diarrhea in your child, do not self-medicate. Trust the specialists, pediatricians, who will monitor the child's condition, conduct the necessary diagnostics and clarify the treatment plan. Thanks to timely assistance, you can avoid possible complications and ensure the child's speedy recovery.

Tick bites occur when a tick attaches itself to your skin to feed on your blood. You may not even notice the bite unless you find the tick still attached. While the bite itself is often painless, it can transmit dangerous infections. What are ticks? Ticks are tiny, wingless parasites—some as small as a poppy seed. Found in wooded or grassy areas, they latch onto people or animals and feed for hours or days. They burrow their heads into the skin, and as they feed, their bodies swell. Why are tick bites dangerous? While not every tick bite leads to illness, ticks can transmit bacteria, viruses, and parasites into your bloodstream during feeding. Tick-Borne Diseases Ticks can spread several serious illnesses, including: •Lyme disease (most common in the U.S.) •Anaplasmosis •Babesiosis •Ehrlichiosis •Rocky Mountain spotted fever •Tick paralysis •Alpha-gal syndrome (red meat allergy) •Tularemia •Powassan virus And so on. What are the symptoms of a tick-borne illness? Common signs include: •Fever or chills •Muscle aches •Fatigue •Headache •Rash (bullseye or red/purple spots) •Nausea, vomiting •Swollen lymph nodes •Red meat allergy If you’ve been in tick-prone areas and develop symptoms, inform your healthcare provider—even if you didn’t see a tick. What to do if you find a tick biting you? 1.Clean the area with rubbing alcohol or soap and water. 2.Use fine-tipped tweezers to grasp the tick close to your skin and pull gently. Avoid squeezing the body. 3.Take a photo or save the tick in a sealed container for identification. 4.Wash the area again thoroughly. 5.Contact a healthcare provider, especially if you develop symptoms or aren’t sure how long the tick was attached. When should you seek medical care? Contact your provider if: •The tick was attached for hours or appears swollen •You develop a rash or flu-like symptoms •The bite becomes painful, swollen, or blistered You can reduce your risk of tick bites with the following steps: •Avoid tall grass and woods. On hikes, stick to the center of cleared trails. •Use tick repellent. •Cover your skin: Wear long pants, sleeves, and socks when in tick-prone areas to minimize skin exposure. •Check yourself for ticks: Look closely at common hiding spots—like your scalp, underarms, and behind knees. Have someone help check hard-to-see areas. •Inspect your pets: Ticks can enter your home via pets. Check them regularly after outdoor time, and ask your vet about preventive treatments. •Plan for travel: Before visiting areas where tick-borne diseases are common, consult a travel health clinic or the CDC. A vaccine for tick-borne encephalitis may be recommended.

Gallbladder polyps are abnormal tissue growths that project from the inner lining of the gallbladder. These growths vary in type and composition. While most are non-cancerous, some can be associated with other gallbladder conditions or, in rare cases, cancer.What are the different types of gallbladder polyps? •Pseudopolyps (Cholesterol polyps): These result from cholesterol buildup (cholesterolosis) and are benign. •Inflammatory polyps: Formed due to chronic inflammation in the gallbladder, such as in cholecystitis. •Adenomyomatosis: A non-cancerous overgrowth of the gallbladder lining that can form small cysts within the wall. •Adenomas: Benign tumors made up of cells resembling those in the bile ducts. These carry a small (0.5%) chance of turning cancerous. •Malignant polyps: These are cancerous, most commonly a type called adenocarcinoma. Symptoms and causes of gallbladder polyp; Gallbladder polyps often do not cause any symptoms and are typically found incidentally during imaging tests like ultrasounds. However, in some cases, polyps can block the flow of bile, leading to inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), bile ducts (cholangitis), or pancreas (pancreatitis). Possible symptoms of such inflammation include: •Abdominal pain •Fever •Nausea and vomiting •Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice) In rare cases, these symptoms could also suggest gallbladder cancer. What are the risk factors for gallbladder polyps? You may be at higher risk if you have: •Gallstones •Cholecystitis •Cholangitis •Hepatitis B •Familial Adenomatous Polyposis •Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome •High cholesterol •Age over 50 Diagnosis and Monitoring Unfortunately, it's not possible to determine whether a polyp is cancerous without surgically removing the gallbladder, as the polyps cannot be removed independently. Therefore, healthcare providers evaluate your symptoms and risk profile before deciding on surgery. Can gallbladder polyps go away on their own? No, gallbladder polyps do not disappear naturally. In fact, they tend to increase in size or number over time. Surgery is the only way to remove them. If you’ve been diagnosed with a gallbladder polyp, it’s important to follow up with a gastroenterologist. Early evaluation can help manage risks and avoid complications. You can find experienced gastroenterologists at Dalimed Medical Center, where timely care makes all the difference.

What is influenza and how does it affect you? Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a widespread respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. It typically brings on symptoms like fever, body and headaches, coughing, and nasal congestion or a runny nose. While many people recover at home, those with pre-existing health conditions or individuals who are pregnant face a higher risk of serious complications. The most effective way to prevent the flu is to get vaccinated every year. What’s the difference between the flu and a cold? Even though the flu and the common cold share some similar symptoms—like coughing and a runny nose—there are key differences. Cold symptoms are usually mild and develop gradually, while flu symptoms tend to come on suddenly and are more intense. Another important difference is that they’re caused by different viruses, so they’re not the same illness. How can you tell if it’s the flu or COVID-19? Since the flu and COVID-19 often look alike symptom-wise, the only reliable way to know which one you have is by getting tested. Both viruses can cause serious illness and spread easily, but they come from different virus families and require different treatments. That’s why proper testing is important before starting any medication or care plan. What are the common symptoms of the flu? Flu symptoms tend to show up quickly and can vary from person to person. Common signs include: •Fever •Chills •Body aches •Cough •Headache •Sore throat •Runny or stuffy nose •Tiredness or feeling run down •Diarrhea or vomiting (usually in children) It’s important to note that not everyone will have every symptom, but having several at once is typical. Is the flu contagious and how does it spread? Yes, the flu spreads easily from person to person. An infected individual typically passes it on to one or two others. The virus travels in droplets that come out when a person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can land in someone else’s mouth or nose, or be inhaled directly into the lungs. The flu can also spread through touch—like shaking hands or touching contaminated surfaces such as phones, keyboards, doorknobs, or desks—and then touching your face, nose, eyes, or mouth. How can you manage flu symptoms at home? Most people can treat flu symptoms at home using simple self-care methods and over-the-counter products. It’s important to get plenty of rest and stay hydrated by drinking fluids like water or broths. Heat packs or warm baths can help soothe aching muscles. To manage fever and aches, you can take pain relievers and fever reducers. Nasal decongestants can help relieve a stuffy nose, while cough remedies can reduce coughing and help you feel more comfortable. If you’re dealing with mucus in your lungs, expectorants can help clear it out. However, not all treatments are suitable for everyone, so it’s important to consult your healthcare provider before using any remedies or combining treatments. If symptoms worsen or don’t improve within a few days, it’s essential to see a therapist promptly to avoid complications. For professional care and guidance, consider visiting Dalimed Medical Center, where experienced specialists can help ensure a safe and speedy recovery.