Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal infection, affecting around 23–25% of women of reproductive age. It develops when the natural balance of vaginal bacteria is disrupted. Normally, the vagina is protected by Döderlein's cilia (lactobacilli), which maintain an acidic environment. When these beneficial bacteria decrease, harmful microorganisms like Gardnerella spp., Prevotella spp., and other anaerobic bacteria can multiply, leading to bacterial vaginosis.
Women with bacterial vaginosis may notice unusual vaginal discharge, a fishy odor, itching, or irritation, although some may not experience symptoms at all.
Causes of Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis can be caused by several factors, including:
1.Violation of hygiene rules
– Overwashing, use of harsh soaps, or vaginal douching can upset the natural balance.
2.Chronic intestinal diseases
– Conditions like Irritable bowel syndrome or frequent digestive issues may impact the vaginal microbiome.
3.Previous inflammatory diseases
– Past infections of the urinary or reproductive system may leave the area more vulnerable.
4.Decreased immunity
– A weakened immune system can reduce the body’s ability to fight off harmful bacteria.
5.Atrophy of the vaginal mucosa
– Common in menopausal women, this can reduce natural defenses.
6.Hormonal disorders
– Hormonal imbalances may alter vaginal pH and increase susceptibility to bacterial vaginosis.
Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis is treatable and curable. Treating a sexual partner is decided on a case-by-case basis. While bacterial vaginosis is not a traditional sexually transmitted infection, sexual activity can influence vaginal flora, especially in recurring cases.
To prevent bacterial vaginosis, it's important to avoid practices that disturb the vaginal environment.
Regular visits to a gynecologist are essential for early detection and effective management of vaginal health.